The proposed guidelines intend to support researchers, practitioners, designers, and implementers in the design and evaluation of UIs of smartphone applications for people with low literacy. We also analyzed six publicly available industry reports on designing UIs for people with low-literacy. To evaluate the framework, we conducted a preliminary study with a group of 20 practitioners and researchers working in the field of UI/UX/HCI. We reviewed the last two decades of HCI literature engaging people with low literacy, to synthesize our framework-designing SARAL. In this work, we propose a framework of actionable guidelines for designing smartphone UIs that would be usable by low-literate users. However, extensive HCI literature has identified literacy as one of the barriers to designing user interfaces. The challenge is to ensure equitable access to these services by everyone, including people with semi-literacy or low-literacy who form a large part of the population in developing countries. With easy access to affordable internet-powered smartphones, developing countries are adopting smartphone applications to provide enabling services to its citizens, through eHealth, eGovernance, and digital payments. In this paper, we present the original protocol, the detailed findings from the Marathi pilots, and the proposed modifications to the protocol. We evaluated the protocol through pilot tests with 206 users in Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Bengali, Odia, Assamese and Tamil.
We have tagged each phrase according to typing difficulty, phrase length, and memorability and age appropriateness. We have ensured that each corpus represents a mix of informal communication between people, popular phrases from films, songs, poetry and public discourse, and formal texts from school books and literature. Currently, we provide test corpora for Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. To help follow the protocol over this long period and to collate the data, we offer a tool. The course of the evaluation may last 2-4 weeks for each user. The evaluation should be done with school children from standards 4th to 7th. For this purpose, we propose a protocol that consists of a 45-minute long training session, a 20-word first-time usability test, and a longitudinal test consisting of about 30 sessions, each of which required the user to type about 10 phrases 4 to 6 words long (a total of 300 phrases). We were asked to evaluate input mechanisms for touch-screen devices with the objective of standardising one of them for each of 14 major languages of India.
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